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Home > Investing in sectors or countries. What works best?
VFM Pjazza
Investing in sectors or countries. What works best?
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Investing in sectors or countries. What works best?
26 Aug 2018

A diversified portfolio across regions and sectors can offer healthy returns at a lower risk, partly because the negative performance of some constituents can be offset by the positive contribution of the best performers. One way in which investors generally try to outperform financial markets is to invest higher portions of their investable funds in countries whose economies are expected to outpace the average global growth whilst reducing exposures in countries which are expected to face weaker economic cycles. Whilst this is a very pragmatic approach, it is worth noting that identifying and investing in the right sector can also generate a strong investment return compared to country selection.

As different countries and regions are exposed to different economic conditions, open markets and globalisation allow companies in the same sector to generally be impacted by the same dynamics irrespective of the company’s own country of domicile. There are many determinants of stock performance that ultimately drive a sector to fare better compared to its peers.  As a matter of fact, a change in the price of oil and fuels generally effects airlines across the globe, whilst lower level of interest rates have an impact on banks across different countries. 
It is interesting to observe that, since the start of the year, corporate earnings and the eventful trade war disputes contributed to choppier markets over this year. President Trump’s plan to put investment restrictions on China was the main factor weighing on the performance of most sectors particularly in autos and semiconductor/equipment names. In this scenario, sectorial allocations have provided investors with greater benefits over geographic diversification strategies as developed country returns were more correlated. 

Sectors like Technology and Consumer Discretionary contributed to significantly better performance on a year to date basis with returns of 16.70% and 15.60% respectively. This compares very well with a positive return close to 7% on the S&P 500 during the same period. On the contrary, underweighting sectors such as Telecoms and Consumer Staples would have benefited investment portfolios as these sectors generated negative returns of 4.3% and 6.5% respectively. This implies that selecting the right sectors and avoiding the worst performers would have yielded a return of 23.2% in US dollar terms.

Sector returns are also dependent on where we stand in the economic cycle and some sectors such as Industrials and Financials tend to yield better returns early in the economic cycle when economic growth is accelerating, other defensive sectors like Staples and Utilities tend to perform better when economic progression is weaker with flat or negative returns registered year to date.  

The relative difference in performance is less manifested in the country returns where various stock markets in developed economies have moved in tandem providing for little returns gap when analysed and compared in their respective currencies.  Whilst accurate country selection would have still yielded strong returns, the sectorial benefits have been somewhat diluted at country level. Indeed, the return gap between the best and the worst performing country index during 2018 was closer to 11%. 

The emphasis to industry sectors does not necessarily mean lower volatility for investors. However, as global markets become more integrated, key sectors characteristics will have more bearings on share performance other than where that share is merely listed.  As the developed stock markets in the world remain correlated, diversification and optimal returns are more likely to be achieved if evolving changes in sectors keep their pace. Allocating by sectors have proven to offer better correlation benefits as these groups were less dependent on one another over the year.

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